Nursing Research 1 Practice Test

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• Which question would help determine auditability when critiquing a qualitative study?
• What is the appropriate measure for testing reliability when data is in Likert-scale response format?
• Which of the following describes an experimental study?
• In researching the impact of meditation on anxiety disorders, what variable should be primarily investigated?
• What does "depiction of experimental variation" illustrate in qualitative research?
• What is the main goal of grounded theory research?
• Which basic human right demands that justification be provided when vulnerable subjects are used in research?
• What are the four components of a clinical question?
• Which phrase would likely be found in a report of a qualitative study?
• Which question best assesses the credibility of a qualitative study?
• In the hypothesis, "Elderly women receive less aggressive treatment for breast cancer than do younger women," which variable is the dependent variable?
• In the statement that pain intensity perception varies with gender, which variable is independent?
• Which method is NOT a means of controlling extraneous variables?
• Which type of validity assesses whether the independent variable really made the change in the dependent variable?
• Which of these reliability measures assesses stability over time?
• What is the definition of a conceptual or theoretical framework in research?
• What is the purpose of grounded theory?
• What is the term for the truth of findings as judged by participants and experts in the discipline?
• For which research question would qualitative methods be most appropriate?
• What is the minimum reliability coefficient recommended for an instrument to be considered reliable?
• What type of research focuses on collecting data from a small number of subjects to study phenomena in depth?
• What is the primary purpose of community-based research methods?
• In measurement, the ability of an instrument to measure consistently over time is called what?
• What does a well-formulated hypothesis allow for in a research study?
• How is the relationship described when there is no anticipated direction between variables?
• Where can you find individual original randomized controlled trials (RCTs)?
• What does randomization ensure in a research study?
• In which type of research is the context of the study particularly significant?
• Which phrase would likely be found in a report of a quantitative study?
• What level of study does data collected from an experimental study where subjects were randomly selected represent?
• What is a primary ethical concern when studying a vulnerable population like prisoners?
• What is the first step in the qualitative research process?
• In nursing research, what does level 3 evidence typically include?
• Control in the context of research is best defined as:
• In research, what does an operational definition specify?
• Which question will critique the auditability of a research project?
• What is the main purpose of a meta-analysis in research?
• Which term refers to the faithfulness to everyday reality of the participants in qualitative research?
• In qualitative research, what does fittingness ensure?
• What type of validity is assessed through expert verification of an instrument?
• Which hypothesis is framed to be most testable?
• Which reliability measure is regarded as a test of stability?
• In a study involving pain medication, what might cause both the experimental and control groups to feel a reduction in pain?
• Which validity refers to performing correlational analysis on multiple tools assessing the same concept?
• In which mode of clinical application are trajectories of illness discussed?
• What is considered the best source for a level I systematic meta-analysis?
• What is the main focus of a correlational research question?
• Which conceptual analysis point refers to how study findings continue to hold meaning for the reader?
• What refers to the process of synthesizing multiple qualitative articles on a focused topic?
• What indicates the reliability of an instrument according to reliability coefficients?
• Which characteristic typifies the literature review process?
• What is the significance of benefits in research ethics?
• What is the primary focus of the Quality of Life-Breast cancer survivors measurement instrument?
• What term describes the influence of an external event during a study that may affect the dependent variable?
• What ethical principle is violated if individuals are not allowed to choose whether or not to participate in research studies?
• Which research method is characterized by its use of statistical methods to test hypotheses or answer research questions?
• Which of the following beliefs supports the constructivist paradigm?
• What does it mean that the sampling is purposive?
• Which historical event significantly led to the establishment of ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects?
• Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity?
• What research design would be most suitable for exploring the meaning of an individual’s experience?
• Which of the following best describes the manipulation of the independent variable?
• What does a high Cronbach's alpha value signify regarding a test’s items?
• What characteristic defines the Quality of Life (QoL) framework used in research for breast cancer survivors?
• Who developed the first code of ethics in nursing?
• Which of the following statements accurately describes the purpose of a hypothesis?
• What ethical principle ensures that researchers do no harm?
• Which of the following are consistent with the constructivist paradigm?
• Which steps of the research process may be included in an article's abstract?
• Which type of qualitative finding takes into account various influences within a context?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a well-formulated research question?
• Which of the following steps is NOT part of the qualitative research process?
• Which of the following is included in "scholarly literature"?
• Which of the following is NOT a use of qualitative research methods?
• What is the main focus of a comparative research question?
• What must researchers ensure when working with vulnerable populations?
• Which question will critique the method of a research project?
• What determines the expected direction of the relationship in a directional hypothesis?
• What is meant by "coaching" in the context of qualitative findings and EBP?
• What is the first step in the qualitative research process?
• Which of the following best describes an independent variable?
• Which approach is commonly used to ensure credibility in qualitative studies?
• What does sufficient information in a report facilitate in qualitative research?
• What is NOT included in Kearney's categories of qualitative findings?
• When seeking theoretical, clinical, or research articles, what is the best first choice for students?
• Which of the following are considered tests of homogeneity?
• What does homogeneity refer to in the context of an instrument used in research?
• Which of the following describes the Hawthorne effect?
• Which of the following describes a level 4 evidence?
• Retrospective studies can exist as functional entities in which of the following settings?
• How can qualitative outcome analysis be beneficial in clinical settings?
• What is the relationship called when two constructs are measured and yield a significant correlation?
• What concept involves portraying a phenomenon from a new perspective in qualitative research?
• What is true regarding the relationship of independent and dependent variables in research?
• How does nursing research benefit consumers of healthcare?
• What question does internal validity address in a study?
• Which of the following is a scientific criterion appropriate for qualitative research?
• Which qualitative finding emphasizes the importance of a participant's active role in the research process?
• Which type of validity emphasizes the generalizability of study results to a larger population?
• What is characterized by a set of related concepts and definitions to explain phenomena?
• What term refers to the aims or objectives an investigator hopes to achieve with their research?
• Which research validity is affected by the reliability of measures in a study?
• What is the main goal of member checking in qualitative research?
• Which category in qualitative findings refers to a synthesis of shared experiences?
• A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.94 indicates what about an instrument?
• Which aspect of qualitative outcome analysis relates to building theory?
• What is a critical requirement for participants in a study?
• A nurse researcher develops the following research question: Is there a relationship between anxiety and body weight in premenopausal and postmenopausal women? What type of research question format is this considered to be?
• Which aspect is not typically included in a hypothesis?
• What is indicated when two different forms of an instrument yield similar results?
• What does the term "paradigm" refer to in the context of research?
• Which of the following best describes a key principle of qualitative research?
• Why is credibility important in qualitative research?
• Which level of evidence corresponds to a systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials?
• Qualitative outcome analysis provides evidence at what level?
• Which of the following hypotheses are indicative of an experimental research design?
• What are measurement effects in the context of external validity?
• Which research approach primarily focuses on understanding human experience?
• In a study comparing IQ scores of boys and girls over time, what is a primary threat to internal validity?
• In the same statement about pain, what is the dependent variable?
• Which of the following describes "selection bias"?
• What type of study could be categorized under level 5 evidence?
• What does anonymity in research mean?
• Which review method focuses on synthesizing literature in a specific area without employing statistical analysis?
• What ethical issue was highlighted by the Tuskegee Study from 1932-1973?
• Which type of research allows researchers to be neutral observers?
• When should a literature review be conducted after data collection?
• What is the component of a research study that presents the idea to be examined?
• Which statement best defines a hypothesis in research?
• What is the term for the diversity of participants as it relates to qualitative research methods?
• What aspects does a level-of-evidence model evaluate to assess a research study?
• What is a key phase of the research process involving appraisal of pertinent literature?
• What is a common characteristic of qualitative research?
• In critical reading, what does the analysis strategy focus on?
• What is the main purpose of control in quantitative research?
• Which level of evidence is represented by opinions of authorities?
• Which term refers to the development processes within subjects over time that can affect study outcomes?
• Why is it important to understand the philosophy underlying each type of research?
• Which statement is true about informed consent?
• Which measure would be used for testing the consistency of an instrument at two different times?
• What are some critiquing criteria used to judge the worth of a research study?
• What does validity primarily concern in the context of measurement?
• What is characterized by clearly identifying variables and specifying the population?
• What is the process of coding and clustering data in the grounded-theory method known as?
• In an experimental research question, which aspect is being measured?
• When is the principle of justice violated?
• Which research methodology focuses on a systematic investigation of phenomena?
• What approach would you take to initially familiarize yourself with content when reading research?
• What is a key feature of metasynthesis in qualitative research?
• Which feature distinguishes an integrative review from other types of literature reviews?
• Which research question format involves comparing two or more groups based on a specific treatment or intervention?
• Testing is a threat to internal validity. Which scenario illustrates this threat?
• In qualitative research, what is the significance of using in-depth interviews?
• What characteristic is typical of a literature review in quantitative research?
• What does the human right to anonymity entail regarding participant information in research?
• What essential component does a critique of a research study always include?
• In a study measuring self-esteem in adolescent mothers, what type of validity is assessed by comparing it to a known self-esteem instrument?
• What effect might a celebrity's cancer diagnosis have on a research study regarding mammograms?
• What is the primary purpose of conducting a systematic review in research?
• What type of research design involves measuring differences between groups based on received interventions?
• What does auditability assure in qualitative research?
• What is one ethical principle identified by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects related to research on human subjects?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence indicated in the hierarchy of evidence?
• In qualitative research, what context might influence findings?
• What type of instrument is the Kuder-Richardson (KR-20) coefficient primarily used for?
• Which reliability measures are known to test for equivalence?
• What does the term 'operationally defined' refer to in research?
• What concept is illustrated by a researcher providing sufficient detail in a qualitative research report for evaluating data relevance?
• Which guideline states that all people involved in research must have their rights protected?
• What does external validity primarily concern in research studies?
• Which feature is an advantage of using directional hypotheses?
• Which mode of clinical application for qualitative research involves sharing findings with the patient?
• What is Cronbach's alpha primarily used to measure in research instruments?
• Which of the following is categorized as a descriptive finding in qualitative research?
• What does the reliability coefficient measure?
• What is a characteristic of an audio recording of an unpublished research study?
• What essential component increases the testability of a hypothesis?
• What does the term "fittingness" refer to in research studies?
• Which reliability measure checks for homogeneity through different half-splits of a test?
• A study includes a pretest that influences the results. What kind of effect does this represent?
• What is meant by a homogenous sample in research?
• What type of statement expresses the anticipated relationship between variables?
• What aspect does a priori frameworks refer to in qualitative research?
• Which qualitative finding aids in sharing information with patients about their health trajectory?
• What is one way qualitative findings can be used in Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)?
• What is indicated by a KR-20 coefficient of 0.01 in a study?
• What is a characteristic of an intrinsic case study?
• What attribute does the KR-20 coefficient assess in dichotomous instruments?
• What is the correct function of a hypothesis in research?
• Which step in qualitative research comes after data collection?
• Which characteristic correctly defines an independent variable?
• What is a common purpose of literature reviews in research?
• From which source is evidence-based practice derived?
• A nurse researcher develops the research question: Do menopausal women who received daily doses of an herbal hormone treatment report fewer hot flashes than those who did not? What type of research question format is this considered to be?
• What aspect does credibility evaluate in qualitative research?
• Which level of the evidence hierarchy pertains to systematic reviews of qualitative studies?
• Which of the following describes a qualitative study's focus?
• Which aspect is not directly assessed by auditability?
• What does the term "mortality" refer to in the context of internal validity?
• Which question critiques the sampling of a research project?
• What is a primary function of qualitative research in nursing?
• What is a characteristic of a statistical hypothesis?
• Which type of research study can be affected by the values of the researcher?
• Which ethical principle requires that a subject's private information is only shared with consent?
• What is the researcher's perspective in a case study?
• How is research design best defined?
• In conducting a literature review, which factor is crucial for qualitative research?
• When research participation is a condition of employment, which ANA Human Rights Guideline applies?
• What is the philosophy underlying quantitative research?
• What is the impact of maturation on internal validity?
• What does reactivity refer to in the context of research?
• Which of the following describes the grounded-theory method accurately?
• Reactive effects refer to:
• Which level of evidence has the lowest rank in the evidence hierarchy?
• When should a hypothesis be established in the research planning process?
• How does objectivity in research question conceptualization emerge?
• How do literature reviews in qualitative studies typically differ from those in quantitative studies?
• What is the main purpose of using the KR-20 coefficient?
• In the hypothesis regarding treatment of women with breast cancer, which variable is considered the independent variable?
• During qualitative research, which term refers to how research findings resonate with participants’ experiences?
• Which potential threat to internal validity is associated with the tools or instruments used in a study?
• What does the ethical principle of justice require?
• What is an important aspect of conducting literature reviews in qualitative research?
• What role does a hypothesis play concerning relationships between variables?
• What is a characteristic of qualitative research?
• Which measurement would a researcher use to test for reliability when the data are in dichotomous format?
• What level of evidence includes quasiexperimental studies?
• What is an inductive approach involving a systematic set of procedures to arrive at a theory about basic social processes?
• What are the "aims of inquiry" in research?
• What is the purpose of conducting a pilot study in large experimental research?
• What is the main purpose of the WHO's designated Collaborating Centers?
• Which level is characteristic of the strength of the evidence provided by the results of a quasi-experimental study?
• What type of study utilizes specific statistical tools to synthesize findings across studies?
• What type of study focuses on the scientific description and interpretation of cultural or social groups and systems?
• What does "anticipatory guidance" involve in a nursing context?
• What reliability measure is defined as a test of equivalence?
• Which of the following statements best describes qualitative research?
• Which scenario exemplifies coercion in research?
• What defines the research question in a study?
• Which statement best describes 'concept' in research?
• Why is it important for a hypothesis to exclude value-laden words?
• What ethical principle requires that individuals be safeguarded from harm in research settings?
• Which research method is NOT typically associated with testing hypotheses?
• What does a reliability coefficient closer to 1 indicate about an instrument?
• What does it mean when a null hypothesis is stated?
• What is a literature review primarily used for in the research process?
• Which of the following coefficients is commonly used for Likert-type items?
• What does accuracy in research design ensure?
• What type of literature ideally supports evidence-based practice decisions?
• Which qualitative finding provides a rich understanding of human phenomena in context?
• When will a null hypothesis be rejected?
• What is a primary goal when developing interventions in qualitative research?
• What does PICO stand for in generating research questions?
• Which characteristic of informed consent is essential for understanding?
• What is a characteristic of a study aimed at exploring relationships when little data exists?
• Which search engine is best for retrieving systematic reviews?
• What is the role of external reviewers in the peer-review process?
• What defines a good hypothesis in a nursing research context?
• What is the primary purpose of a literature review in nursing research?
• How is the variable described that varies as a consequence of another variable?
• What does instrumentation refer to in the context of internal validity?
• Which question will critique the credibility of a research project?
• What is typically the focus of institutions conducting research involving human subjects?
• Which type of source is considered less critical than primary sources in a literature review?
• Which reliability measure is indicated by observing the agreement between different raters?
• Which of the following terms refers to the degree of association between measurement error and true score?
• What is considered an extraneous variable in a research study?
• What is your first choice when looking for theoretical, clinical or research articles?
• Which component of PICO refers specifically to the targeted issue or patient population?
• Which factor is essential for ensuring the ethical integrity of a qualitative study?
• Which of the following best defines a qualitative research study?
• What type of study is classified as a level 2 evidence?
• Which strategy in critical reading involves understanding the researcher's purpose or intent?
• Which statement reflects the presence of a correlation between two variables?
• What type of study typically represents level 6 evidence?
• What does the synthesis strategy of critical reading involve?
• Which of the following is a factor that can threaten external validity?
• Single descriptive studies are categorized under which level of evidence?
• In nursing research, why is it sometimes necessary to conduct a literature review after data analysis in qualitative studies?
• Which question will critique the purpose of a research project?
• Which of the following ethical guidelines focuses on fairness and equality in research?
• How is the Kuder-Richardson (KR-20) coefficient expressed?
• Which ethical concern may arise in qualitative research?
• What does constancy refer to in data collection procedures?
• What does a conceptual definition provide regarding a concept?
• Which of the following is a core component that should be included in informed consent?
• What paradigm provides the basis for qualitative research?
• What term describes the adequacy of information that leads the reader from the research question to interpretation of findings?
• What term describes the homogeneity of all items in a tool designed to measure the same concept?
• What is a defining characteristic of refereed or peer-reviewed journals?
• Which principle requires that the effectiveness and outcomes of research should benefit the participants involved?
• In the phenomenological approach, what does it mean for the researcher's perspective to be bracketed?
• Which of the following is an example of a primary source?
• Which statement is true regarding the criteria for a sound research question?
• What is the variable that is presumed to have an effect on another variable?
• Which term refers to an abstract idea represented symbolically?
• What is the first strategy in critical reading according to the provided text?
• Does the presence of invalid measures in research affect internal validity or external validity?
• Which of the following tests is NOT used to estimate the stability of an instrument?
• Which of the following hypotheses indicate an association in a research study?
• Which ethical principle emphasizes the autonomy and rights of individuals to make their own choices in treatment?
• Which ethical principle mandates that individuals with diminished autonomy must be provided additional protections?
• In qualitative research, findings should primarily reflect what aspect?
• What is it called when researchers direct activities in the field by pursuing hunches?
• Which type of validity is demonstrated when measuring hope and anxiety with negatively related scores?